Chemical Changes

Chemical changes result in the formation of a new substance with different properties from the original substances.

Example chemical change:

\ce{Na + Cl2 -> NaCl}

Here are the two starting materials in this reaction:

Na

(sodium metal)

Cl2

(chlorine gas)

sodium chlorine
Highly reactive
Metallic solid
Shiny / silvery
Malleable
Conductive
Melts at 644°C
Density = 0.97 g/mL
Highly reactive
Gas at room temp
Yellow
Non-Metallic
Melts at -101°C
Density = 0.0032 g/mL

Compare those to the final product:

NaCl

(table salt)

NaCl
Stable
White
Brittle
Crystalline solid
Nonconductive as solid
Conductive as liquid
Melts at 801°C
Density = 2.16 g/mL

This end product has completely different properties than the starting materials.

Those new properties tell you that a new substance formed, and a new substance means this was a chemical change.

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